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According to Source Forge statistics (rank and downloads), Bacula is by far the most popular open source backup software tool for full system backup. It has 2,5 million downloads and thousands of contributors worldwide.
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Tape has a proven 30 year+ lifetime. It's a stable way to store multiple copies of your assets.The LTFS format that is used with LTO tape allows you to share your archives with others as it's supported on Mac, Windows and Linux.Your archive is not locked into any proprietary software.There is an initial investment in the LTO drive, similar to buying around 15 hard drives. But after that the tapes are very low cost.Hard drives are OK for short term backup and file transfer.Always make at least two archive copies and keep them in different locations to protect against loss or damage. YoYotta is ideal for this as it can make multiple copies to drives and tapes in parallel.Once written, slide the tab closed to write protect the tape.If power is intermittent, invest in a UPS to keep the computer, external drives and LTO drives powered on during a power cut.Don't unplug Thunderbolt, SAS or FC cables whilst tapes are loaded.Never write to a tape unless you have another copy of ALL the files on that tape.
LTFS stores files in a folder structure. This means that tapes can be easily read and restored using any LTFS software.You are not locked into one piece of software, because it's an open archive.When files are rewritten on tape the old files are left behind, so incremental copies use more and more space.YoYotta supports spanning of large volumes across multiple tapes, provided they are not changing.If files are being added and modified on the source volume, then when complete the archive will already be out of date.Also when the job is run again any new files will not always go onto the same tape as existing related files.So archiving of large changing volumes where files are being added and modified is not supported.Also it's not a good idea to continually write to existing tape archives.Instead we recommend archiving project by project and also separating incoming original material.Once archived, the material never needs to be archived again. Making each project much smaller.This also means the LTFS archive can be used for easy sharing of project assets with other people working on the project in different locations.If there is an existing large volume that cannot be split into projects, then do not do this in one job, instead create smaller jobs of 10 or 20TB.This way you can ensure that files on shared storage aren't being written by other users during the archive. Each job will complete sooner, but all the jobs will still end up in the same YoYotta metadata project.Here is a suggested workflow for a post-production environment.
The latest drives support LTO-9 and LTO-8 tapes. Each drive generation reads and writes the current and previous generation tapes.LTO-7, LTO-6 and LTO-5 drives will read two generations back. So an LTO-7 drive will read / write LTO-6 and read LTO-5.LTFS creates a separate partition for indexes that uses around 5% of the tape. Also YoYotta reserves about 100GB to ensure the tapes does not over fill.LTO-9 tape stores up to 17.4 TB and are a lot faster at 250-300MB/s and 350-400MB/s for full height drives.LTO-8 tape stores up to 11.3 TB and are a lot faster at 250-300MB/s.LTO-7 tape stores up to 5.6 TB and are a lot faster at 250-300MB/s. LTO-6 tape stores up to 2.3 TB and are a little faster at 160MB/s. LTO-5 tape stores up to 1.25 TB and can be read or written at 140MB/s.
Using tape compression is recommended, internally the LTO drive will compress files that are uncompressed.Enable compression when formatting in the LTFS panel. The compression is lossless and varies from 1:1 to 2.5:1.Uncompressed files like ARRIRAW, CINE, DNG and DPX can see a 10 to 20% space saving and these files will transfer faster.For all other video files that are already compressed like ProRes or H.264 there won't be any reduction in size, but it's no slower so we recommend leaving compression enabled when formatting all tapes.The theoretical ratio 2.5:1 allows the LTO vendors to quote a crazy compressed figure of 30TB on LTO-8, 15TB on LTO-7 and 6TB on LTO-6. This would only be achieved with text or other files that compress easily. We haven't found anyone with that amount of text files !!The potential compression is unknown until after data has been written, so the drive will show uncompressed space.Some studios may ask for tapes with compression turned off, so check the delivery spec before formatting.
When this option is turned off then virtually all characters can be used.Note that on the Mac the : (colon) character cannot be used. Also it's not recommended to use the / as it is not supported by Linux and Windows. If used it will appear as a colon.As LTFS tapes are an archive and can be used cross platform it is best to avoid all the characters shown in the list below. macOS :
Linux /
Windows \ / : * ? "
macOS and Windows file names can be up to 255 unicode characters in length including the file extension.However Linux and LTFS support a shorter maximum of 255 8-bit characters. Unicode characters can be made of multiple 8-bit characters, so some files with valid names on macOS cannot be written to NAS, Linux file systems or LTFS tapes. YoYotta will warn about this. After indexing open the Source Browser and files with issues will have a red status. Edit the file names or zip the files, then reindex the job.
TAR is an older method of storing files as a bundle on a tape. There is no directory and the tapes cannot be mounted on the desktop. This makes it harder to retrieve individual files. YoYotta LTFS supports reading of most TAR tapes, this allows easy migration to LTFS. More information about restoring TAR tapes.
LTFS is an open standard, the current version is 2.2.0. Tapes written can be read by LTFS running on Linux, macOS or Windows. So it's a cross platform archive. Older LTFS versions can still be read back. Tapes are formatted with a 6 character label, that matches the barcode label.After formatting this label cannot be changed. To rename you will have to restore, reformat and copy the data again. LTFS stores the tape label in multiple indexes and also inside the tape chip memory.Do not use / * ? " \ : characters as these are not supported when the LTFS tape is mounted on a Windows system.Keep file names less than 250 characters and path names less than 1024 characters.LTFS does not support the use of WORM tapes.
LTFS tapes must be formatted with a unique 6 character code. The code can have the letters A-Z and numbers 0-9 in any order, for example 123456, ABCDEF, YO1234, 17376A. The tape barcode label is 8 characters, which is the user selectable 6 characters with either L5, L6, L7, M8, L8 or L9 on the end for LTO-5, LTO-6, LTO-7, LTO-M8, LTO-8 or LTO-9 tapes. For example 123456L5, ABCDEFL6, YO1234L6, 17376AL7. The six characters from the label must be used for the six digits when formatting.Do not add any checksum or check digit.It's best to use barcode labels for all tapes, this means that they can be used with YoYotta Automation and an LTO library. Also barcode labels are an easy way to identify tapes.Do not use the same 6 characters for copies of tapesAlways make two copies of all material. One Main and one Safety (or clone) tape.YoYotta will decode the barcode and show Main or Safety when selecting destination tapes, this can be ignored if you are not using one of the conventions below.There are three suggested conventions for labelling main / safety tapes.Odd/Even numbering YT0111, 127633, XTM127 are main tapes and YT0112, 127634, XTM128 are the matching safety tapes.A-M / N-Z as the 5th letter HRSMDA, HRSMDB and HRSMDC are main tapes, HRSMQA, HRSMQB and HRSMQC are the matching safety tapes. This method allows 4 letter project codes (in this case HRSM) and 13x26 main and 13x26 safety tapes.A/B as last character ABC12A, YY100A, H2122A, SHOW1A and 12567A are main tapes, ABC12B, YY100B, H2122B, SHOW1B and 12567B are the matching safety tapes.After formatting you cannot change this label, as it is written into each index on the tape and also written to the chip inside the tape. To change the label you have to reformat the tape.In Europe we can supply LTO tapes at great prices with custom YoYotta labels printed on durable plastic. They have a standard barcode, plus you can add unique text labels on the left as shown opposite. So you can clearly label Main and Safety, or add a project ident. Unlike other labels each tape can have a different code, you are not limited to a set sequence.IBM make all LTO-7 and LTO-8 mechanisms, so we supply IBM Barium Ferrite tapes for perfect compatibility.Contact support@yoyotta.com for a quote.
Keep your working tapes in the same room as the drive or library. If this is not possible then ensure they are in the room for 24 hours before use. This will allow the temperature of the tape to match the temperature of the drive.The room temperature should be between 16 to 32°C with 20 to 80% humidity. This is a wide range, however it is important to keep this stable. Rapid changes in temperature or humidity are not good for electronic equipment.Keep tapes in their cases and ensure that they are protected during shipping. 2ff7e9595c
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